Launch of HMS Alexander at Deptford in 1778 (BHC1875), by John Cleveley the Younger (NMM) - HMS Alexander is the ship still on the slipway, centre background |
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| Career (Great Britain) | |
|---|---|
| Name: | HMS Alexander |
| Ordered: | 21 July 1773 |
| Builder: | Deptford Dockyard |
| Laid down: | 6 April 1774 |
| Launched: | 8 October 1778 |
| Captured: | 6 November 1794, by French Navy |
| Career (France) | |
| Name: | Alexandre |
| Acquired: | 6 November 1794 |
| Captured: | 22 June 1795, by Royal Navy |
| Career (UK) | |
| Name: | HMS Alexander |
| Acquired: | 22 June 1795 |
| Honours and awards: |
Participated in: |
| Fate: | Broken up, 1819 |
| General characteristics [1] | |
| Class and type: | Alfred-class ship of the line |
| Type: | Third rate |
| Tons burthen: | 1621 tons (1647 tonnes) |
| Length: | 169 ft (52 m) (gundeck) |
| Beam: | 47 ft 2 in (14.38 m) |
| Depth of hold: | 20 ft (6.1 m) |
| Propulsion: | Sails |
| Sail plan: | Full rigged ship |
| Armament: |
74 guns:
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HMS Alexander was a Royal Navy 74-gun third-rate. This ship of the line was launched at Deptford on 8 October 1778.[1] During her career she was captured by the French, and later recaptured by the British. She fought at the Nile in 1798, and was broken up in 1819. She was named after Alexander the Great.
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On 13 March 1780, Alexander and Courageaux captured the 40-gun French privateer Monsieur after a long chase and some exchange of fire. The Royal Navy took the privateer into service as Monsieur.
In 1794, whilst returning to England in the company of Canada after escorting a convoy to Spain, Alexander, under the command of Rear-admiral Richard Rodney Bligh, fell in with a French squadron of five 74-gun ships, and three frigates, led by Joseph-Marie Nielly.[2] In the Action of 6 November 1794 Alexander was overrun by the Droits de l'Homme, but escaped when she damaged the Droits de l'Homme's rigging. Alexander was then caught by Marat, which came behind her stern and raked her. Then, the 74 gun third-rate Jean Bart closed in and fired broadsides at close range, forcing Bligh to surrender Alexander. In the meantime, Canada escaped.[2] The subsequent court martial honourably acquitted Bligh of any blame for the loss of his ship.[2]
The French took her to Brest and then into their French Navy under the name Alexandre.[2] On 22 June 1795, she was with a French fleet off Belle Île when the Channel Fleet under Lord Bridport discovered them. The British ships chased the French fleet, and brought them to action in the Battle of Groix. During the battle Sans Pareil and Colossus recaptured Alexander.[2] After the battle, Révolutionnaire towed her back to Plymouth.
The Alexander took part in the Battle of the Nile in 1798, under the command of Captain Alexander Ball. She was the second ship to fire upon the French fleet, engaging the flagship, L'Orient. The Alexander sank three French ships before she had to withdraw due to a small fire on board. The Alexander was one of the few ships not carrying a soldier detachment.
From 1803 she was out of commission in Plymouth, and was finally broken up in 1819.[1]
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